Cable size is a function of current and length. All cable, no matter how large, has a given amount of resistance per foot. Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electrons (current). The net result is voltage drop over the length of the cable. Minimizing voltage drop is the key to designing and constructing reliable circuits and optimizing their performance. A handy reference chart for choosing the correct gauge of wire based on these parameters can be found on page 100 of Automotive Wiring and Electrical Systems.
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